National Emergency Definition, Powers and Examples

National Emergency Definition, Powers and Examples In United States government, a national emergency is any extraordinary situation deemed by the President of the United States to threaten the health or safety of the citizens and which cannot be adequately addressed by the application of other laws or executive actions. Exactly what situations do or do not constitute a state of emergency came into question in early 2019, when President Donald Trump declared a national emergency in order to divert existing Department of Defense funds for the completion of a concrete wall (or steel barrier) intended to prevent illegal immigration along the entire southern U.S. border- a maneuver used by President Ronald Reagan in 1982 to boost construction of military facilities. Key Takeaways A national emergency is any extraordinary situation declared by the president as threatening American citizens and not resolvable by other laws.Under the National Emergencies Act of 1976, a declaration of national emergency temporarily grants the president at least 140 special powers.The reasons for declaring a national emergency and the provisions to be applied during that emergency are solely and entirely up to the president. Under the National Emergencies Act (NEA), more than 100 special powers are granted to the president under a declared national emergency. When and why to declare a national emergency is entirely at the president’s discretion. Background and Legal Precedence While the U.S. Constitution grants Congress a few limited emergency powers- such as the power to suspend the right to writs of habeas corpus- it grants the president no such emergency powers. However, many legal scholars have confirmed that the Constitution gives presidents implied emergency powers by making them the commander in chief of the armed forces and by granting them broad, largely undefined â€Å"executive power.† Many such executive powers are applied by presidents through the issuance of legally-binding executive orders and proclamations. The first such emergency proclamation was issued by President Woodrow Wilson on February 5, 1917, in response to a lack of U.S. cargo ships needed to carry exported products to allied nations during World War I. The provisions of the proclamation were declared to be within the framework of the earlier law creating the United States Shipping Board. Prior to the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, presidents declared numerous emergencies to deal with situations like the hoarding of gold, the Korean War, a postal workers strike, and out-of-control economic inflation. In 1933, Roosevelt, in response to the Great Depression, began the ongoing trend of presidents declaring national emergencies of unlimited scope and duration, and without congressional oversight or precedent in existing laws. Eventually, in 1976, Congress passed the National Emergencies Act, which was intended to limit the scope and number of executive emergency powers a president could invoke by declaring an â€Å"emergency† and to provide certain checks and balances on the emergency powers of the president. National Emergencies Act of 1976 Under the National Emergencies Act, presidents are required to identify the specific powers and provisions to be activated by the declaration of emergency and to renew the declaration annually. While the law grants the president at least 136 distinct emergency powers, only 13 of them require a separate declaration by Congress. During declared national emergencies, the president can- without the approval of Congress- freeze the bank accounts of Americans, shut down most types of electronic communications inside the United States, and ground all non-military aircraft. Procedure for Declaring Emergencies Under the National Emergencies Act, presidents activate their emergency powers by issuing a public declaration of national emergency. The declaration must specifically list and notify Congress of the powers to be utilized during the duration of the emergency. Presidents may terminate declared emergencies at any time or continue to renew them annually with the approval of Congress. Since 1985, Congress has been allowed to renew an emergency declaration by the passage of a joint resolution rather than by separate resolutions passed by the House and Senate. The law also requires the president and the Cabinet-level executive agencies to keep records of all executive orders and regulations issued due to the emergency and to regularly report to Congress the costs of enforcing those provisions. Emergency Powers Under the National Emergencies Act Among the nearly 140 national emergency powers Congress has delegated to the president, some are particularly dramatic. In 1969, President Nixon suspended all laws regulating chemical and biological weapons on humans. In 1977, President Ford allowed states to suspend key provisions of the Clean Air Act. And in 1982, President Reagan authorized the use of existing Defense Department funds for emergency military construction. More recently, President George W. Bush declared a national emergency days after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks that suspended several laws, including all laws limiting the size of the military. In 2009, President Obama declared a national emergency to help hospitals and local governments deal with the swine flu outbreak. Notable Ongoing National Emergencies As of January 2019, a total of 32 national emergencies dating back to 1979 remained in effect. A few of the more notable of these include: To combat the flow of drugs, criminals and illegal immigrants coming across the U.S. border with Mexico. (Feb. 2019)Preventing the proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (Nov.1994)Banning financial dealings with terrorists who threaten the Middle East peace process (Jan. 1995)Provisions arising from the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 (Sept. 2001)Freezing the funds and property of persons who commit, threaten to commit, or support terrorism (Sept. 2001)Continuing restrictions with respect to North Korea and North Korean nationals (June 2008)Freezing the property of multinational organized criminal organizations (July 2011)Freezing the property of certain persons involved in cyber-enabled crime (April 2015) During his first two years in office (2017 and 2018), President Trump issued three national emergency declarations, most notably, a controversial national emergency intended to punish foreign nationals found to have interfered in or otherwise attempted to influence American elections. Accused of collusion with Russian agents during the 2016 presidential election, Trump’s declaration drew bipartisan criticism for being too weak. All three national emergency declarations issued by President Trump as of January 2019 include: Blocking access to the property of persons involved in serious human rights abuse or corruption (Dec. 2017)Imposing sanctions in the event of foreign interference in a United States election (Sept. 2018)Blocking access to the property of persons contributing to the situation in Nicaragua (Nov. 2018) While most national emergencies have been declared in response to foreign affairs, no law prevents presidents from declaring them to deal with a domestic issue, as President Obama did in 2009 to deal with the swine flu. Two other laws- the Stafford Act and the Public Health Services Act- are intended to provide federal  government response to state and local disasters, and public health emergencies. In addition, all 50 states have laws empowering the governors to declare emergencies within their states and to ask the President of the United States for federal assistance. President Trump’s 2019 Border Wall Emergency On January 8, 2019, President Trump, in the midst of what would become the longest government shutdown in history, threatened to declare a national emergency in order to bypass Congress by diverting some $5.7 billion in existing funds to the construction of an additional 234 miles of Mexican border security wall. The declaration was put on hold when on January 25, an agreement was reached between the White House and congressional Democrats allowing the government to reopen until February 15. The agreement was based on the understanding that negotiations over border wall funding would proceed during the three-week delay. However, after Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi on January 31 flatly stated that â€Å"There’s not going to be any wall money in the [compromise] legislation,† President Trump stated that there was a â€Å"good chance† that he would, indeed, declare a national emergency to secure the funding. â€Å"We are doing it regardless,† he told reporters on February 1, suggesting that more details might come in his shutdown-delayed State of the Union address scheduled for February 5. On February 15, he declared a national emergency, which is expected to face legal challenges. On February 15, 2019, President Trump signed a compromise Homeland Security spending bill that provided $1.375 billion for 55 miles of new fencing- but not a solid wall- along the U.S.-Mexico border in Texas. While the bill averted a second government shutdown, it fell far short of providing the $5.7 billion Trump had sought for the addition of 234 miles of solid steel walls. At the same time, President Trump declared a national emergency he said would allow him to redirect $3.5 billion from the Defense Department’s military construction budget to the construction of additinal border wall. He also signed executive orders redirecting $600 million from the Treasury Departments drug forfeiture fund, and $2.5 billion from the Defense Department’s drug interdiction program for the same purpose. â€Å"We’re going to confront the national security crisis on our southern border and we’re going to do it one way or the other,† President Trump said. â€Å"It’s an invasion,† he added. â€Å"We have an invasion of drugs and criminals coming into our country.† Democratic leaders immediately challenged Trump’s constitutional authority to use presidential national emergency powers to regulate immigration. VETO! On February 26, 2019, the House of Representatives voted 245-182 to approve a joint resolution canceling President Trump’s national emergency declaration. On March 14, the Senate voted 59-41 (including the votes of 12 Republicans) to concur, sending the measure to the president’s desk. Moments after the vote, Trump tweeted a one-word response, â€Å"VETO!† In a follow-up tweet, the president added, â€Å"I look forward to VETOING the just passed Democrat inspired Resolution which would OPEN BORDERS while increasing Crime, Drugs, and Trafficking in our Country.† On March 15, 2019, President Trump followed up his tweets by issuing his first presidential veto rejecting the resolution. â€Å"Congress has the freedom to pass this resolution and I have the duty to veto it,† he stated at the signing ceremony.   Sources and Further Reference Fisch, William B. â€Å"Emergency in the Constitutional Law of the United States.† University of Missouri School of Law (1990).â€Å"National Emergency Definition.† Duhaime’s Law Dictionary. Duhaime.orgRelyea, Harold C. (2007) â€Å"National Emergency Powers.† Congressional Research Service.Struyk, Ryan. â€Å"Trumps wall would be the 32nd active national emergency.† CNN.  (January 2019).

Obamas Inspiring 2004 Democratic Convention Speech

Obamas Inspiring 2004 Democratic Convention Speech On July 27, 2004, Barack Obama, then a senatorial candidate from Illinois, delivered an electrifying speech to the 2004 Democratic National Convention. As the result of the now-legendary speech (presented below), Obama rose to national prominence, and his speech is regarded as one of the great political statements of the 21st century. OUT OF MANY, ONE by Barack Obama Keynote Speech Democratic National Convention in Boston, Mass. July 27, 2004 Thank you so much. Thank you so much... On behalf of the great state of Illinois, crossroads of a nation, Land of Lincoln, let me express my deepest gratitude for the privilege of addressing this convention. Gratitude for Family Heritage Tonight is a particular honor for me because - let’s face it - my presence on this stage is pretty unlikely. My father was a foreign student, born and raised in a small village in Kenya. He grew up herding goats, went to school in a tin-roof shack. His father - my grandfather - was a cook, a domestic servant to the British. But my grandfather had larger dreams for his son. Through hard work and perseverance my father got a scholarship to study in a magical place, America, that shone as a beacon of freedom and opportunity to so many who had come before. While studying here, my father met my mother. She was born in a town on the other side of the world, in Kansas. Her father worked on oil rigs and farms through most of the Depression. The day after Pearl Harbor my grandfather signed up for duty; joined Patton’s army, marched across Europe. Back home, my grandmother raised their baby and went to work on a bomber assembly line. After the war, they studied on the G.I. Bill, bought a house through F.H.A., and later moved west all the way to Hawaii in search of opportunity. And they, too, had big dreams for their daughter. A common dream, born of two continents. My parents shared not only an improbable love, they shared an abiding faith in the possibilities of this nation. They would give me an African name, Barack, or †blessed,† believing that in a tolerant America your name is no barrier to success. They imagined me going to the best schools in the land, even though they weren’t rich, because in a generous America you don’t have to be rich to achieve your potential. They are both passed away now. And yet, I know that, on this night, they look down on me with great pride. I stand here today, grateful for the diversity of my heritage, aware that my parents’ dreams live on in my two precious daughters. I stand here knowing that my story is part of the larger American story, that I owe a debt to all of those who came before me, and that, in no other country on earth, is my story even possible. Tonight, we gather to affirm the greatness of our nation - not because of the height of our skyscrapers, or the power of our military, or the size of our economy. Greatness of America Our pride is based on a very simple premise, summed up in a declaration made over two hundred years ago: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. That they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights. That among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That is the true genius of America - a faith in simple dreams, an insistence on small miracles: - That we can tuck in our children at night and know that they are fed and clothed and safe from harm. - That we can say what we think, write what we think, without hearing a sudden knock on the door. - That we can have an idea and start our own business without paying a bribe. - That we can participate in the political process without fear of retribution, and that our votes will be counted at least, most of the time. This year, in this election, we are called to reaffirm our values and our commitments, to hold them against a hard reality and see how we are measuring up, to the legacy of our forbearers, and the promise of future generations. And fellow Americans, Democrats, Republicans, Independents - I say to you tonight: we have more work to do. - More work to do for the workers I met in Galesburg, Ill., who are losing their union jobs at the Maytag plant that’s moving to Mexico, and now are having to compete with their own children for jobs that pay seven bucks an hour. - More to do for the father that I met who was losing his job and choking back the tears, wondering how he would pay $4,500 a month for the drugs his son needs without the health benefits that he counted on. - More to do for the young woman in East St. Louis, and thousands more like her, who has the grades, has the drive, has the will, but doesn’t have the money to go to college. Now don’t get me wrong. The people I meet - in small towns and big cities, in diners and office parks - they don’t expect government to solve all their problems. They know they have to work hard to get ahead - and they want to. Go into the collar counties around Chicago, and people will tell you they don’t want their tax money wasted, by a welfare agency or by the Pentagon. Go into any inner city neighborhood, and folks will tell you that government alone can’t teach our kids to learn - they know that parents have to teach, that children can’t achieve unless we raise their expectations and turn off the television sets and eradicate the slander that says a black youth with a book is acting white. They know those things. People don’t expect government to solve all their problems.  But they sense, deep in their bones, that with just a slight change in priorities, we can make sure that every child in America has a decent shot at life, and that the doors of opportunity remain open to all. They know we can do better. And they want that choice. John Kerry In this election, we offer that choice. Our Party has chosen a man to lead us who embodies the best this country has to offer. And that man is John Kerry. John Kerry understands the ideals of community, faith, and service because they’ve defined his life. From his heroic service to Vietnam, to his years as a prosecutor and  lieutenant governor, through two decades in the United States Senate, he has devoted himself to this country. Again and again, we’ve seen him make tough choices when easier ones were available. His values - and his record - affirm what is best in us. John Kerry believes in an America where hard work is rewarded; so instead of offering tax breaks to companies shipping jobs overseas, he offers them to companies creating jobs here at home. John Kerry believes in an America where all Americans can afford the same health coverage our politicians in Washington have for themselves. John Kerry believes in energy independence, so we aren’t held hostage to the profits of oil companies, or the sabotage of foreign oil fields. John Kerry believes in the Constitutional freedoms that have made our country the envy of the world, and he will never sacrifice our basic liberties, nor use faith as a wedge to divide us. And John Kerry believes that in a dangerous world war must be an option sometimes, but it should never be the first option. You know, a while back, I met a young man named Seamus in a V.F.W. Hall in East Moline, Ill.. He was a good-looking kid, six two, six three, clear eyed, with an easy smile. He told me he’d joined the Marines, and was heading to Iraq the following week. And as I listened to him explain why he’d enlisted, the absolute faith he had in our country and its leaders, his devotion to duty and service, I thought this young man was all that any of us might hope for in a child. But then I asked myself:  Are we serving Seamus as well as he is serving us? I thought of the 900 men and women - sons and daughters, husbands and wives, friends and neighbors, who won’t be returning to their own hometowns. I thought of the families I’ve met who were struggling to get by without a loved one’s full income, or whose loved ones had returned with a limb missing or nerves shattered, but who still lacked long-term health benefits because they were Reservists. When we send our young men and women into harm’s way, we have a solemn obligation not to fudge the numbers or shade the truth about why they’re going, to care for their families while they’re gone, to tend to the soldiers upon their return, and to never ever go to war without enough troops to win the war, secure the peace, and earn the respect of the world. Now let me be clear. Let me be clear. We have real enemies in the world. These enemies must be found. They must be pursued - and they must be defeated. John Kerry knows this. And just as Lieutenant Kerry did not hesitate to risk his life to protect the men who served with him in Vietnam, President Kerry will not hesitate one moment to use our military might to keep America safe and secure. John Kerry  believes in America. And he knows that it’s not enough for just some of us to prosper. For alongside our famous individualism, there’s another ingredient in the American saga. A belief that we’re all connected as one people. If there is a child on the south side of Chicago who can’t read, that matters to me, even if it’s not my child. If there’s a senior citizen somewhere who can’t pay for their prescription drugs, and has to choose between medicine and the rent, that makes my life poorer, even if it’s not my grandparent. If there’s an Arab American family being rounded up without benefit of an attorney or due process, that threatens my  civil liberties. It is that fundamental belief, it is that fundamental belief, I am my brother’s keeper, I am my sister’s keeper that makes this country work. It’s what allows us to pursue our individual dreams and yet still come together as one American family. E Pluribus Unum. Out of Many, One. Now even as we speak, there are those who are preparing to divide us, the spin masters, the negative ad peddlers who embrace the politics of anything goes. Well, I say to them tonight, there is not a liberal America and a conservative America - there is the United States of America. There is not a Black America and a White America and Latino America and Asian America - there’s the United States of America. The pundits, the pundits like to slice-and-dice our country into Red States and Blue States; Red States for Republicans, Blue States for Democrats. But I’ve got news for them, too: We worship an awesome God in the Blue States, and we don’t like federal agents poking around in our libraries in the Red States. We coach Little League in the Blue States and yes, we’ve got some gay friends in the Red States. There are patriots who opposed the war in Iraq and there are patriots who supported the war in Iraq. We Are One People We are one people, all of us pledging allegiance to the stars and stripes, all of us defending the United States of America. In the end, that’s what this election is about. Do we participate in a politics of cynicism or do we participate in a politics of hope? John Kerry calls on us to hope. John Edwards calls on us to hope. I’m not talking about blind optimism here - the almost willful ignorance that thinks unemployment will go away if we just don’t think about it, or the health care crisis will solve itself if we just ignore it. That’s not what I’m talking about. I’m talking about something more substantial. It’s the hope of slaves sitting around a fire singing freedom songs. The hope of immigrants setting out for distant shores. The hope of a young naval lieutenant bravely patrolling the Mekong Delta. The hope of a millworker’s son who dares to defy the odds. The hope of a skinny kid with a funny name who believes that America has a place for him, too. Hope in the face of difficulty. Hope in the face of uncertainty. The audacity of hope! In the end, that is God’s greatest gift to us, the bedrock of this nation. A belief in things not seen. A belief that there are better days ahead. I believe that we can give our middle class relief and provide working families with a road to opportunity. I believe we can provide jobs to the jobless, homes to the homeless, and reclaim young people in cities across America from violence and despair. I believe that we have a righteous wind at our backs and that as we stand on the crossroads of history, we can make the right choices, and meet the challenges that face us. America! Tonight, if you feel the same energy that I do, if you feel the same urgency that I do, if you feel the same passion I do, if you feel the same hopefulness that I do - if we do what we must do, then I have no doubts that all across the country, from Florida to Oregon, from Washington to Maine, the people will rise up in November, and John Kerry will be sworn in as president, and John Edwards will be sworn in as vice president, and this country will reclaim its promise, and out of this long political darkness a brighter day will come. Thank you very much everybody. God bless you. Thank you. Thank you, and God bless America.

The Attributes Of The Nurse Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Attributes Of The Nurse Leadership - Essay Example I have grown with my self-knowledge and this growth emanated from m interaction with other people. As a nurse, there was always the need to mingle with other officers to work together and in some cases take instructions from them. As all these interactions took place, there were avenues through which I easily pointed to some of my weaknesses and strengths and these generally make up for my self-knowledge. The lessons and topics have also gone a long way to teach me about differences in personalities and this has spiced up my self-knowledge. The class sections have really helped in shaping my interpersonal relationship with others. Before, I was the type who believed so much in my personhood and thus had very little time to pay attention to who other people were and what they did. Today, I have come to accept the need for social integration and the basic requirements for this; which includes the need to open up to other people and give them the chance to also express themselves freely. This has however not defeated the need for me to continue to be an active communicator instead of a passive one. As the topic areas in this course of leadership proofs to be more and beneficial to my studies and career as a nurse, it is important that I seek an avenue to continue to learn more topics regarding leadership. In this direction, some key topics I have penned down include but not limited to The knowledge they say is not vested in the head of one person alone. For this reason, I constantly feel the need to learn from other people to equip what I already know and have. For this reason, I pay particular attention to the attributes of other nurses and learn a lot from them during interactions with them. I am never shy to ask questions for clarity and ask for my mistakes to be corrected. Through such means, I am hoping to be a perfect nurse in the nearest future.

MPH522 - Public Health Law and Policy, Mod 1 SLP Essay

MPH522 - Public Health Law and Policy, Mod 1 SLP - Essay Example Edward Jenner talked about inoculation in 1796 and diseases like yellow fever, scurvy and other health threats were noted by Public Health in 1798. Edwin Chadwick in 1842 began to talk about the needs of a solid public health system. John Snow handled the cholera epidemic and learned about the Bradstreet pump. Florence Nightingale brought forward the need for hygiene and district nursing. Lillian Wald is known as the mother of public health nursing as she and her teams began to work with the populations. Then there of course was Robert Koch, Louis Pasteur, and many others. The American Public Health Association was founded in 1872 (sphtc.org) This paper will discuss how this historic and honorable organization works with other agencies, in this case the Center for Disease Control and Prevention with Public Health Nursing and the Food and Drug Administration with Pharmacists. The above history gives a picture of how closely Public Health organization really work with other health practitioners as there would be very little of any of the above processes if public health had not gotten involved along the way. Public health nursing provides such services as health promotion, disease prevention, and intervention as well as support services to women, children, and youth. As noted one of the interventions and responsibilities is communicable disease control. In this venue, they work very closely with the Center for Disease Control to assure that what the public needs to know as well as new information is made available. The mission of the CDC is to prevent and control communicable disease using tools that are available for preparedness. CDC works closely with community health nursing in healthcare associated infections such as MRSA and community acquired pneumonia as well as aids and TB, antibiotic resistance studies which keep the nurse updated on what is working and what is not so when they do education with the local nurses and hospitals, it is clear what

Key aspects of legislation Essay Example for Free

Key aspects of legislation Essay Summarise key aspects of legislation, regulatory requirements and codes of practice relating to own role and responsibilities. (7.1.1) The BTEC PTLLS award is necessary before a person can teach at a Further Education institution such as Aylesbury College. To support this qualification Lifelong Learning UK has published a new set of overarching professional standards 1 that any teachers in this sector will need to adhere to. This describes in generic terms, the skills knowledge and attributes for those that perform roles in this sector. It is disconcerting to hear that the qualification will soon be replaced following the Lingfield review. Other areas of legislation, that is important in the teaching context is the Health and Safety at Work act 1974, which states how all employers and employees need to take responsibility for their own safety needs. Key legislation that also needs to be considered for the learning environment is the Data Protection Act 1998. The collection and analysis of personal data is intrinsic to any learning institution and this act defines UK law on the processing of data on identifiable living people. It is the main piece of legislation that governs the protection of personal data in the UK and in practice it provides a way for individuals to control information about themselves. It is not just in the IT area but for all systems and paperwork when dealing with personal data, within the IT area it is especially important to consider when teaching the design of systems security and access procedures. Another area relevant to teaching IT are the Display Screen Regulations 1992/2002 which is an amendment to the Health and Safety act, this requires all employers who require their employees to use display screens to ensure that the seating position and lighting is properly adjusted and that the employee can take regular breaks from the screen. Other blanket legislation that applies in the workplace but not specifically to a learning institution are: * Race Relations Act 2000. * Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and 2005 (DDA). * Equality Act 2010. This brought together the numerous array of Acts and Regulations, which formed the basis of anti-discrimination law in Great Britain. This was, primarily, the Equal Pay Act 1970, the Sex Discrimination Act 1975, the Race Relations Act 1976, the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and three major statutory instruments protecting discrimination in  employment on grounds of religion or belief, sexual orientation and age. Regulations more specific to the teaching environment are the following: * Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001. The act required education providers to make reasonable provisions to ensure people with disabilities or special needs were provided with the same opportunities as those who were not disabled. * Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. A key point here is that only about 10% of any published document can be copied and circulated for educational purposes before copyright is infringed. * IfL Code of Practice for Teachers (2008). This is a straightforward code of practice for teachers to gives boundaries on their professional integrity, behaviour etc. * Safer practice, safer learning (2007) – responsibilities for safeguarding vulnerable adults in the learning and skills sector – published by NIACE and DES. Analyse own responsibilities for promoting equality and valuing diversity. (7.1.2) In the class discussion on this topic, we discussed that equality is not treating everyone the same, it is rather treating everyone as unique to enable them as far as possible to have equal opportunities to learn, this is what myself as a teacher will have to work to achieve. Promoting equality should remove discrimination in all of the areas covered by the Equality act. Bullying, harassment and victimization are also considered as equality and diversity issues. Diversity aims to recognise, respect and value people’s differences, and their ability to contribute. A teacher should aim to help them reach their full potential by promoting an inclusive culture for all students (and staff). Equality and diversity is becoming more important in all aspects of our lives and work for a number of reasons. Where I was previously working, the employees were recruited globally and could be posted anywhere, they were selected because they showed potential. Inclusivity and diversity was heavily promoted as it was recognised that having a diverse workforce enhanced the company commercially. People with different backgrounds bring different approaches to solving problems or commercial negotiations which is reflected in the company’s performance. In a college, recognising, embracing and valuing difference will lead to improvements for everyone, including: * A more vibrant staff and student  population; * A better working and studying environment; * Attracting and retaining the very best staff and students; As a teacher I can promote equality and diversity by: * Treating all learners fairly. * Creating an inclusive culture for all learners. * Ensuring equal access to opportunities to enable learners to fully participate in the learning process. * Enabling the learners to develop to their full potential. * Equipping learners with the skills to challenge inequality and discrimination in their work/study environment * Making certain that any learning materials do not discriminate against any individuals or groups * Ensuring sure policies, procedures and processes dont discriminate It was discussed in class that equality can be promoted in different ways, such as discussing privately with a student if they have problems with dyslexia, which could be helped by the simple use of different coloured backgrounds to the powerpoints or handouts. A teacher must be aware of continually promoting inclusivity in all the course material and class discussions, some actions that can be positive are for instance, prior to the class, check the names, ages and any other details of the learners and if possible try to find photos or material that will hopefully be more relevant to their background. Although this shouldn’t be done to such an extreme to alienate others, it’s a fine balance. Also it is good to make sure that different types of learners are covered in the lesson plan by differentiating for learning styles. This also helps to keep the lesson interesting as one form of lesson delivery could get fairly dull. One key point would be to be careful of my language, jokes about stereotypes and casual comments could easily cause alienation. It is also necessary to have a plan on how to deal with inappropriate remarks and behaviour by the learners. Within a college there will also be other internal organisations available to meet the potential needs of learners such as : * Student services / welfare / financial aid / student support * Careers services / advice and guidance * Learning mentors / teaching assistants * Learning difficulties and disabilities assessment and support * International office for overseas learners * Chaplaincy or medical services including sexual and mental health Tutors will be the main point of contact for anything for a learner so it is important to understand how to get in touch with the various people working in the roles for my organisation. Evaluate your own responsibilities in lifelong learning (7.1.3) In class we discussed the role and responsibilities of a tutor in lifelong learning, a number of key roles were identified, such as a tutor needs to be knowledgeable about the subject, but not necessarily an expert, they need to be confident and communicate their points well, they need to be well organised with planned lessons and good timekeeping. The tutor must set an example with their behaviour, and direct the learners, but in further education, as opposed to compulsory education, you will not be acting as a leader and counsellor, rather a facilitator. Of key importance is establishing a contract with the learners at the start of the course, so that they understand the boundaries that are set and what my expectations of them are. In the FE sector this is more important with young adults (16-18 years) than in adult education. Bearing in mind that all learners will be slightly different and work at different levels and may have different needs, it is important for me as a tutor to understand this and if necessary give additional help and guidance as required. Without regurgitating the full list of responsibilities, some key ones to additionally pick out are: * Keeping up to date with developments in the core subject as well as keeping up to date with any new teaching guidelines or changes to the curriculum. * Encouraging the learners to progress and develop their careers by giving constructive feedback. * Continually reflect on my teaching performance and evaluate each session taught and change if necessary. Review own role and responsibilities in identifying and meeting the needs of learners. (7.1.4) A key responsibility would be to get to know the learners in the class as individuals, and to understand their different abilities and learning styles. The techniques already used in the first lesson would be a  very good start, such as the learning styles questionnaire (although interpretation of the results is very subjective.), the basic skills testing, and the group introductions. The group introductions and the personal interview prior to starting the course was a way of understanding the motivation of the learners, and why they are undertaking the training. With this knowledge the tutor can aim to ensure that the lesson delivery is varied to suit the different needs of the learners and give personal help if necessary. These activities are part of the ‘Identifying Needs’ stage of the Teaching and Leaning Cycle and are documented by Gravells 2, although she has the roles and responsibilities a little confused. As the course progresses, the tutors understanding of the needs of the individual learners will become clearer as they get to know them, changes and adjustments can be made to the lesson delivery. This is an application of Kolb’s Reflective Cycle, to put it simply – Planning, Doing, Reviewing, Learning and back to planning. References 1 Lifelong Learning UK (LLUK) New overarching professional standards for teachers, tutors and trainers in the lifelong learning sector. 2 Gravells, A., (2011) Preparing to teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector Websites www.excellencegateway.org www.ptllsresource.co.uk http://www.manchester.ac.uk/aboutus/equalityanddiversity/

Hiram Ulysses Grant :: essays research papers

Hiram Ulysses Grant was born near Pleasant Point, Ohio, on April 27, 1822. His parents were Hannah Simpson and Jesse Grant. Jesse Grant was the owner of a tannery. He was shy boy while growing up. At the age of one year he was taken to Georgetown where he was educated at local and boarding schools. He graduated 21st in a class of 39, from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1843 where he had enrolled under the name of Ulysses Simpson Grant. He was assigned to Jefferson Barracks, MO, where he met Julia Dent. They married after the Mexican War in 1848. Grant served in the Mexican War under the name of Gen. Zachary Taylor and Gen. Winfield Scott. In 1854 while stationed at Fort Humboldt, California, Grant resigned his commission because of loneliness and drinking problems. He spent the following years in unsuccessful farming and business ventures in Missouri. He moved to Galena, Illinois, in 1860 where he worked in his father’s leather shop. Grant was appointed colonel and soon afterward brigadier general of the Illinois volunteers at the outbreak of the Civil War. Grant wanted to fight for the Union. He was an officer of dogged determination and won a series of brilliant victories. On one occasion, the commander of a Confederate fort asked on what terms Grant would accept his surrender. "No terms," he replied, "except an unconditional and immediate surrender." From then on he was known as "Unconditional Surrender Grant" since his initials were U.S. On March 8, 1864, President Lincoln made him commander of all the Union forces. Grant helped to bring the war to an end in a little over a year. In 1868 Grant was elected Republican president of the United States. Although Grant was a wonderful soldier, he made a poor president. He was honest, but some of those he appointed to high office were not. They caused financial difficulties for the government and the country. He was not blamed for this and was reelected in 1872.

Christian Service Reflection Paper

Christopher Leveratto May 26, 2012 Scripture: Christian Service Reflection Paper Through the course of five weeks I have tutored a third grader by the name of Willy one hour each Thursday. Willy is a high-spirited kid who loves to learn. He goes to a school named Corpus Christi, a school I spent my sixth through eighth grade years at, and is also the organization I volunteered for. I chose this particular work because I love working with kids considering I have 4 younger brothers and sisters. This also gave me an opportunity to put my knowledge to good use and to be a good role-model towards Willy.What I gained from this experience is satisfaction from helping a young student cope with his academic struggles and learn to surpass them in order to be successful. I most definitely would do this project again if I had the chance. For the remaining five hours that I needed to serve I had a close friend of mine shadow me during school. I chose this particular work because I’ve alway s regretted not getting to know what school at Bishop Ireton was like so I offered my friend the opportunity to do so.What I gained from this experience is happiness from seeing my close friend again and the guarantee that she’ll be coming to our school next year. I would love to do this again so I may encourage as many students to come to our school so they may be a part of our Salesian community. Moses the prophet was a very loyal servant of God and he was the one who set the example for the Israelites while they were on his journey to the Holy Land. Since his encounter with God in the burning bush he was chosen to lead the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt.In this encounter God says to him, â€Å"I have indeed seen  the misery  of my people in Egypt. I have heard them crying out because of their slave drivers, and I am concerned  about their suffering. So I have come down  to rescue them from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up out of that land into a good and spacious land,  a land flowing with milk and honey  Ã¢â‚¬â€the home of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites  and Jebusites. And now the cry of the Israelites has reached me, and I have seen the way the Egyptians are oppressing  them.So now, go. I am sending  you to Pharaoh to bring my people the Israelites out of Egypt. † (Exodus 3:7-10) Once Moses rescued the Israelites he took them on a journey of 40 years to the Holy Land. The Israelites grew tired and started to regret coming with Moses. God then sent the 10 comandments to establish a guide line for the Israelites to follow. God explained these guidelines by saying, â€Å"I am the  Lord  your God,  who brought you out  of Egypt,  out of the land of slavery. You shall have no other gods before  me.You shall not misuse the name of the  Lord  your God, for the  Lord  will not hold anyone guiltless who misuses his name. Remember the Sabbath  day by keeping it holy. Honor your father and your mother,  so that you may live long  in the land  the  Lord  your God is giving you. You shall not murder. You shall not commit adultery. You shall not steal. You shall not give false testimony  against your neighbor. You shall not covet  your neighbor’s house. You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, or his male or female servant, his ox or donkey, or anything that belongs to your neighbor. (Exodus 20) Moses was an example of a person who followed God’s every word and kept faith when all was lost. He guided those who needed him and were having trouble learning the ways of the Lord. This person inspired me to help others like Willy and my close friend so they may adapt to what they’re learning and have an opportunity to experience something new so they would be more comfortable when they do it. I continue to strive to be like Moses so I also can be a messenger of God who spreads kindness and knowledge to those arou nd him. I strive to be a prophet of God.

Overcoming Personal Challenge Essay

When someone has a personal challenge, it makes it difficult at times to achieve success. It is not always easy for me to achieve success in life because I have a mild form of autism known as Asperger’s Syndrome. Asperger’s Syndrome affects many areas of my life. First, it affects my ability to learn, making success in school a struggle. Next, Asperger’s interferes with the ability to understand social situations, making success at work difficult. In addition, this disability affects the ability to communicate with others in personal relationships. I feel I have overcome many of the difficulties associated with my disability and have already achieved success in many areas of my life. One area that Asperger’s Syndrome affects for me is learning. Although I have a photographic memory and superb mathematical skills, abstract ideas are difficult for me. I taught myself to read at three years old, but I did not always understand what I was reading. Writing was difficult for two reasons. First, the physical act of writing was difficult due to fine motor skill deficits that made handwriting and printing hard. Using a keyboard eliminates this problem. Second, Asperger’s Syndrome affects expressive language, so expressing ideas has been a struggle. I read a story and understand the facts, but the â€Å"big idea† often eludes me. Despite these learning disabilities, I graduated in the top fifteen percent of my high school class, a member of the National Honor Society, and received the John and Abigail Adams Scholarship for Advanced and Proficient MCAS scores. In addition to learning, work is not always easy for me, and I have to try harder than most employees. I am a part-time cashier at Stop-and-Shop where I interact with customers and colleagues. Asperger’s’ affects the ability to understand social cues and acquire social skills such as being able to read body language, and start or maintain conversations. I may appear to lack empathy, to misunderstand and confuse jokes, and to take sarcasm literally. This often makes work a struggle. Some people may not understand my social awkwardness, despite the fact that I’m trying my hardest to communicate with them. My social disability, however, has not  prevented me from succeeding at work for the past year and one half. In addition to a learning disability and difficulty in the working world, social relationships are not easy for me. Asperger’s interferes with the ability to take others’ perspective and have empathy. Without empathy and perspective taking skills, it’s very hard to carry on a conversation. Conversation is one of the main things that make relationships and emotional connections possible. Sometimes conversation seems like a meaningless, confusing ritual. I am still struggling with the ability to make and keep friendships. It will be a life-long effort to make and maintain more friendships. Achieving success when one has a personal challenge can be difficult. Asperger’s syndrome has presented me with significant educational, professional, and personal challenges. With determination and perseverance, I have managed to overcome many of my difficulties and achieved success at school, work, and socially. I live by the words of Liberace: â€Å"Nobody will believe in you unless you believe in yourself.†

Public Administration Degree and Career Options

Public Administration Degree and Career Options What Is a Public Administration Degree? A public administration degree is an academic degree awarded to students who have completed a postsecondary college, university, or business school program with a focus on public administration. The study of public administration typically includes an examination of government organization, policies, and programs. Students may also study government decision-making and the behavior of elected and non-elected officials. Types of Public Administration Degrees Students who major in public administration have a number of degree options available to them. The most popular degree options include: Bachelors Degree - A bachelors degree in public administration, business administration, management, or political science can help graduates get entry-level positions in the public administration field. Bachelors programs typically take four years of full-time study to complete. However, accelerated and part-time programs are also available.Masters Degree - A masters degree with a focus on public administration, public policy, or a related topic is the next step for students who have earned a bachelors degree. Students may choose to earn a Master of Business Administration (MBA) with a focus on public administration or management or a Master of Public Administration (MPA), which is the equivalent of an MBA in the public administration field. Some students may also choose to pursue a Master of Public Policy (MPP), which focuses on analyzing and solving public policy issues. Masters, MBA, MPA, and MPP programs usually take two years to complete. One-year and part-time programs are also available. Doctorate Degree - The two most advanced degrees in public administration are the Doctor of Public Administration and the Ph.D. in Public Administration. Both are research degrees with a focus on the practice of public administration. The amount of time it might take to complete an advanced research program varies depending on the school you choose. Choosing a Public Administration Degree Program There are many different schools that offer a public administration degree. When choosing a program, you should consider rankings (U.S. News and World Report offers a list of the best public affairs schools) as well as school size, faculty, curriculum, cost, location, and career placement. Here are 8 tips for choosing an MPA School. NASPAA Accreditation Accreditation is always important when choosing a school. Accredited programs have been evaluated for quality. Many different agencies accredit schools. One organization, the NASPAA, focuses specifically on public administration accreditation. NASPAAs Commission on Peer Review and Accreditation is considered the authorized accreditor of graduate-level public administration programs in the United States.   Public AdministrationCareer Options There are many different career paths available to students who have earned a public administration degree. The majority of grads take public service jobs. They may work in local government, state government, or federal government. Positions are also available in non-profit administration and management. Other job options include careers with independent or government agencies, such as the U.S. Small Business Administration, or positions with business and healthcare organizations. Another career path involves politics. Grads can run for political office or offer political support through lobbying and campaign management. Common job titles for public administration grads include Budget AnalystCity ManagerCounty ClerkLegislative SupportLobbyistNon-profit ManagerPolicy AnalystPolicy ConsultantPolitical ScientistProgram ManagerSocial Services AdministratorSocial Worker Learn More About Earning a Public Administration Degree Click on the links below to learn more about earning a public administration degree and working in the public administration field. ASPA - The American Society for Public Administration is a professional association for public administration. They focus on advancing study and practice of public and non-profit administration. You can view various publications on the ASPA website and learn more about student opportunities and careers in public administration.

How to Attract Beneficial Bugs to a Garden

How to Attract Beneficial Bugs to a Garden Aphids, mites, thrips, and other insect pests can do some serious damage to plants in your garden. But dont worry, you dont need to reach for the pesticides to combat these tiny bugs. Try these recipes for attracting beneficial insects to your garden. Ladybugs, lacewings, and other good bugs will arrive for the free meal and stay to munch on the bad bugs. Homemade Wheast Wheast, a combination of whey and yeast, is used by commercial insectaries to feed ladybugs, lacewings, and other insects. You can buy this bug food from organic gardening suppliers, or you can make a homemade version, minus the whey. Ingredients: 1 part sugar1 part yeast Directions: Add water to the sugar and yeast, mixing until it becomes the consistency of a paste. Application: Apply the Wheast paste to small wooden stakes, and place them in the soil around your plants. Or, dilute the Wheast in water and apply it directly to your plants using a spray bottle. Sugar Spray A sugar-water solution applied to plants can dramatically increase your ladybug population in just a few days. Ingredients: 10 tablespoons sugar1 quart of warm water Directions: Dissolve sugar in water. Application: Use a spray bottle to apply the solution directly to plants infested with aphids or other soft-bodied insects. Beneficial Bug Food This recipe uses a little honey (made by bees!) to attract good bugs to your garden. Youll need to store it in your refrigerator, and dont keep it longer than a week. Ingredients: 1/2 cup sugar2 tsp. honey4 tbsp. brewers yeast2/3 cup of warm water Directions: Mix all ingredients together well. Application: Dilute two spoonfuls of the mixture in a quart of warm water. Use a spray bottle to apply the solution to your plants.

Case study+ critycal analysis+evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Case study+ critycal analysis+evaluation - Essay Example Also, culture influences managerial philosophy and practice mainly through motivation. The idea that management works through people is vital for managers in an organizational culture to evaluate and assess the level and extent of cultural direction before any change could be effected. Organizational culture affects people – their needs, wants and aspirations, all of which management must tap. The case written by Steven I. Simon and Peter A. Cistaro entitled Transforming Safety Culture exemplifies managing change in organization specifically that of the Public Service Electric and Gas Co. (PSE&G) which is a principal utility located at New Jersey. In addition, the process of change required focusing on culture change as a necessary requirement to achieve an excellent safety management system. So, Kohli (2007) defined safety management system as â€Å"a systematic approach to managing safety, including the necessary organizational structures, accountabilities, policies and procedures† (Kohli, 2007, p. 4). In this regard, the objective of the essay is to present a critical analysis of the case and to identify key challenges of managing change at PSE&G. The discussion would initially present a brief background of the case before detailing the culture change process at the organization. The identification of culture change process would be structured in terms of addressing the following concerns: (1) why was change in culture necessary? (2) What organizational design issues were highlighted? (3) Who are the key personnel instrumental for the change? And (4) how could change be addressed more effectively? The Public Service Electric and Gas Co. (PSE&G) is a principal utility located at New Jersey which has provided gas and electric services to local customers. Also, it employed a total of 6,500 employees by 2007. However, the number of losses since its beginning 27 years ago was recorded at 32. Furthermore, case facts revealed â€Å"an OSHA